Abstract

Macrolides, a group of antibiotics molecularly characterised by a macrocyclic ring, are among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for children. Beyond their antibacterial action, macrolides exert immunomodulatory effects. Prophylactic use is increasing. Macrolides are usually well tolerated in children, and dosing schedules are convenient. Furthermore, increasing data suggests that their prophylactic usage reduces the exacerbation frequency in children with bronchiectasis. Yet, to preserve their antibacterial action, each macrolide prescription should be judiciously considered. For prophylactic use, the indication should be regularly reviewed, and usage longer than 6 months should be avoided to reduce antimicrobial resistance.