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A 2-year-old boy presented with several weeks of pallor, lethargy, intermittent fever and increasing abdominal distension. His temperature was 38°C and blood pressure was 122/62 mm Hg. On examination, there was a left upper quadrant abdominal mass, measuring 10 cm with palpable upper margins. Laboratory investigations are shown in table 1. Previously the boy had Proteus urinary tract infection (UTI) treated with oral antibiotics in the community but no further investigations. He was subsequently treated with intravenous antibiotics with no significant improvement.
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Questions
Question 1
What is the most appropriate first line imaging?
Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen
Ultrasound abdomen and pelvis
Non–contrast-enhanced CT abdomen
MRI abdomen
Question 2
Based on the imaging appearances in figure 1, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Wilms’ tumour
Nephrocalcinosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Question 3
What does the DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan show? …
Footnotes
Twitter @DrPeterMcA
Contributors PM and SI share responsibility for development of manuscript and article content. DM, RB and EO are responsible for editing and adding educational content.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.