This study was designed to assess the relation between training in adolescent medicine, during and after residency, and self-reported practice of adolescent medicine. This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the South Carolina Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. After 2 mailings, 198 (83%) questionnaires were returned. Adolescent medicine training in residency was associated with more adolescent patients enrolled in a practice (P < 0.01) and more adolescent patient visits (P < 0.01) but not with an increase in perceived competence in the practice of adolescent medicine. Adolescent medicine continuing medical education was associated with seeing more adolescent patients and with increased competence in many areas, including contraceptives, suicide, and school problems (P < 0.05). training in adolescent medicine during and after residency is associated with treating more adolescent patients. Continuing medical education also is associated with increased perceived competence in areas related to adolescents.