Twelve patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, aged 6-14 years (mean 10.3 years), presenting with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) were investigated prospectively. Analysis of the initial clinical features revealed: oedema (8 patients), hypertension (7 patients), gross haematuria (11 patients), oliguria (5 patients) and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (< 40 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 8 patients). Renal biopsies were available in 9 patients and revealed focal necrotising and a fibroepithelial type of crescentic glomerulonephritis (with 60%-90% crescent formation). The remaining 3 patients fulfilled the clinical criteria of RPGN. Two patients who were in the acute stage required peritoneal dialysis for a period of 2 weeks. The treatment protocol in all patients consisted of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (3 days), oral cyclophosphamide (2 months), oral dipyridamole (6 months) and oral prednisolone (3 months). At the end of triple therapy, GFR returned to normal in all but 1 patient. During a follow-up period of 9-39 months, 7 patients achieved complete remission, while 4 patients showed partial remission, 3 of whom had persistent proteinuria and haematuria and 1 microscopic haematuria only. One patient had persistent nephropathy with decreased GFR and macroscopic haematuria and nephrotic-range proteinuria. His renal biopsy, performed 30 months after the onset of the disease, showed chronic diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis and intratubular severe IgA deposition. Although our patient group was small, this type of intensive treatment appears to be effective; further studies are needed.