Skip to main content
Log in

Current status of the clinical development and implementation of paediatric artemisinin combination therapies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Aktueller Status der klinischen Entwicklung und Einführung einer Pädiatrischen Artemisinin Kombinationstherapie in Sub-Sahara Afrika

  • Review article
  • Published:
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Afrikanische Kinder unter 5 Jahren sind aufgrund der hohen Morbidität und Mortalität die global wichtigste Patientengruppe für die Therapie der Malaria. Erst seit kurzem sind Artemisininkombinationtherapien – die Erstlinientherapie der Malaria tropica – in pädiatrischen Medikamentenformulierungen entwickelt worden. Der Einsatz dieser neuen Medikamentenformulierungen verbessert die Verträglichkeit dieser Medikamente bei Kleinkindern und ist daher ein wichtiger Fortschritt im therapeutischen Management. Dennoch werden diese neuen Therapeutika derzeit großteils noch nicht von nationalen und internationalen Therapierichtlinien berücksichtigt. Daten eines kürzlich durchgeführten Surveys zeigen allerdings, dass trotz des Fehlens offizieller Empfehlungen für pädiatrische Artemisininkombinationen, diese in weiten Teilen Afrikas bereits die Erstlinientherapie darstellen. Es wird diskutiert, warum Qualitätssicherung dieser Gruppe an Malariatherapeutika besonders wichtig erscheint und welche klinische Evidenz erbracht werden sollte, um eine offizielle Empfehlung für die Verwendung von pädiatrischen Artemisininkombinationen zu erzielen.

Summary

Timely treatment of infected children with artemisinin based combination therapies is an essential tool for the effective control and potential elimination of malaria. Until recently only tablet formulations have been available for the treatment of children leading to problems of swallowability, palatability and dosing. In consequence, paediatric drug formulations of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) have been developed, showing a clinically significant improvement of tolerability in young children and of their implementation is an increasingly important public health issue. In this mini-review, we focus on the recent development of paediatric ACTs and their use in practice. Paediatric ACTs are formulated as syrup, powder for suspension, dispersible tablets and granules. Overall, the use of paediatric formulation results in an improved management of clinical malaria in young children. To date, only two paediatric ACTs have been certified with WHO prequalification status as an internationally accepted quality standard. Many more paediatric ACTs are available and in use in sub-Saharan Africa despite a lack of publicly available evidence from stringent clinical development programs. The conduct of effectiveness studies to support the introduction of paediatric ACTs in official treatment recommendations is crucial in the global strategy of malaria elimination and quality assurance of available products is a public health priority.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Malaria report shows rapid progress towards international targets. World Health Organization 2010. Accessed at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/malaria_report_20101214/en/index.html

  • Snow RW, Marsh K. Malaria in Africa: progress and prospects in the decade since the Abuja Declaration. Lancet 2010;376(9735):137–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramharter M, Schuster K, Bouyou-Akotet MK, et al. Malaria in pregnancy before and after the implementation of a national IPTp program in Gabon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;77(3):418–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wells TNC, Alonso PL, Gutteridge WE. New medicines to improve control and contribute to the eradication of malaria. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009;8(11):879–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouyou-Akotet MK, Ramharter M, Ngoungou EB, Mamfoumbi MM, Mihindou MP, Missinou MA, Kurth F, Bélard S, Agnandji ST, Issifou S, Heidecker JL, Trapp S, Kremsner PG, Kombila M. Efficacy and safety of a new pediatric artesunate-mefloquine drug formulation for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Gabon. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010;122(5-6):173–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramharter M, Kurth FM, Bélard S, Bouyou-Akotet MK, Mamfoumbi MM, Agnandji ST, Missinou MA, Adegnika AA, Issifou S, Cambon N, Heidecker JL, Kombila M, Kremsner PG. Pharmacokinetics of two paediatric artesunate mefloquine drug formulations in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Gabon. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60(5):1091–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramharter M, Kurth FM, Annette C. Schreier, et al. Fixed-dose pyronaridine-artesunate combination for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pediatric patients in Gabon. J Infect Dis 2008;198(6):911–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdulla S, Sagara I, Borrmann S, et al. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine dispersible tablets compared with crushed commercial tablets in African infants and children with uncomplicated malaria: a randomised, single-blind, multicentre trial. Lancet 2008;372(9652):1819–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ndiaye JL, Randrianarivelojosia M, Sagara I, et al. Randomized, multicentre assessment of the efficacy and safety of ASAQ – a fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 2009;8:125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juma EA, Obonyo CO, Akhwale WS, et al. A randomized, open-label, comparative effi cacy trial of artemether-lumefantrine suspension versus artemether-lumefantrine tablets for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in western Kenya. Malar J 2008;7:262

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chanda P, Hawela M, Kango M, et al. Assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of a paediatric formulation of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartesiane) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum in children in Zambia. Malar J 2006;5:75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurth FM, Bélard S, Adegnika AA, et al. Do paediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies improve the treatment of children with malaria? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10(2):125–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Ramharter.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Agnandji, S., Kurth, F., Bélard, S. et al. Current status of the clinical development and implementation of paediatric artemisinin combination therapies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123 (Suppl 1), 7–9 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0039-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0039-3

Keywords

Navigation