Eligibility criteria for paper selection
| Inclusion Criteria Any type of scholarly output (full-text published work) was included, whether experimental or non-experimental, which described some or all of the following: | Any study which reported strategies to promote staff recruitment and/or retention Paediatric/Pediatric postgraduate training, residency, career English language. Any country. |
| Exclusion criteria | Papers solely related to surveys or questionnaires focusing on factors affecting trainees choosing or continuing with a career in paediatrics |
| Studies related to other specialties |