Medical | Surgical |
---|---|
Infective: urinary tract infections*, helicobacter pylori related gastritis/ ulcer, tuberculosis, giardiasis, rheumatic fever, brucellosis, typhoid, other parasitic infection Inflammatory: inflammatory bowel disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug related gastritis/ ulcer Metabolic: lactose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, sickle cell, lead poisoning. Autoimmune: coeliac disease* Gynaecological: pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, polycystic ovaries, simple ovarian cyst Psychological: school phobia/ bullying, child abuse. Other: constipation*, splenic disease, leukaemia | Urological: urolithiasis, obstructive uropathy/hydronephrosis, polycystic kidneys Gastrointestinal: Meckel's diverticulum, duplication cyst, malrotation with or without volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, recurrent intussusception, bezoar, appendicular colic Hepatobiliary: gallstones, choledochal cyst, other congenital malformations, chronic pancreatitis Other: small bowel lymphoma, other neoplastic disease, ovarian pathology, referred pain from testes |
*The most common organic causes are highlighted. A detailed history and examination is paramount to help identify rarer causes and guide investigations appropriately.