Artemisinin derivatives and combined therapies12 13 (see also supplemental references)
| Name | Trade names | Formulation | Clinical notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary artemisinin compounds | |||
| Artemisinin (original compound) | |||
| Artemotil (arteether) | IM Water insoluble | Metabolised to dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the active metabolite | |
| Artemether | PO, PR, IM Lipid insoluble | Metabolised to DHA | |
| Artesunate | Plasmotrim (PR) | PO, PR, IM, IV Water soluble | Metabolised to DHA |
| Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), also known as artenimol | Cotecxin | PO, PR Water insoluble | Active metabolite |
| Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) | |||
| Artemether+lumefantrine (AL) | FDC—Coartem, Riamet, Faverid, Amatem, Lonart for adults Coartem-D dispersible tablet, powder, and syrup for children | PO | Paediatric formulation already WHO prequalified and approved by European and African regulatory authorities |
| Artesunate+amodiaquine (AS+AQ) | FDC—Arsucam, Coarsucam, ASAQ, or Winthrop for adults Coarsucam dispersible tablet for children | PO | Paediatric formulation already WHO prequalified and approved by European and African regulatory authorities |
| Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine (DHA+PPQ) | FDC—Duo-cotecxin, Artekin, or Eurartesim for adults Granules for children—under review | PO | All adult formulations undergoing WHO prequalification and/or approval by regulatory authorities—Eurartesim granted EMA approval November 2011 Paediatric formulation under review by EMA |
| Artesunate+mefloquine (AS+MQ) | Components sold together in blister packs—Artequin FDC—ASMQ Artequin paediatric granules | PO | FDCs already sold in some countries without WHO prequalification or approval by regulatory body Not undergoing approval for paediatric formulation |
| Artesunate+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) | No FDC—sold together in blister packs as Ariplus or Amalar plus | PO | |
| Artesunate+pyronaridine | FDC—Pyramax Granules for children—under review | PO | Completed clinical phase III trials for both adults and children Adult and paediatric formulations under review by the EMA |
EMA, European Medicines Agency; FDC, fixed-dose combination; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; PO, per oral; PR, per rectum.