Causes of obstructive sleep apnoea
| *Obstruction may evolve in very early infancy. |
| • Adenotonsillar hypertrophy |
| • Obesity |
| • Down syndrome* |
| • Craniofacial abnormalities* |
| ‐ poorly formed jaw (e.g. Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins syndrome) |
| ‐ midfacial hypoplasia (e.g. Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome) |
| • Achondroplasia |
| • Mucopolysaccharidoses |
| • Prader-Willi syndrome |
| • Neuromuscular disease* |
| • Cerebral palsy |