Differential diagnosis of migraine
| Organic headache |
| • Post-traumatic |
| • Infections—for example, otitis media, dental infections, meningitis, sinusitis |
| • Post-seizure |
| • Pharmacological—for example, analgesics, caffeine, food additives |
| • Toxic (substance abuse–for example, marijuana and cocaine, carbon monoxide poisoning) |
| • Ophthalmological (refraction errors) |
| • Arthritis of the temporo-mandibular joint |
| • Vasculitis—for example, systemic lupus erythematosus |
| • Hypertension |
| • Tumours and other space occupying lesions |
| • Raised intracranial pressure—for example, benign intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation |
| • Low intracranial pressure (post-lumbar puncture, dural tear) |
| Vascular headache |
| • Cluster headache |
| • Intracranial bleed—for example post-traumatic, ruptured arteriovenous malformations, aneurysmal bleeding |
| • Venous sinus thrombosis |
| Non-organic headache |
| • Chronic episodic tension-type headache |
| • Chronic daily headache |
| • Depression |