RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Fifteen-minute consultation: To prescribe or not to prescribe in ADHD, that is the question JF Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition JO Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health SP 322 OP 325 DO 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318866 VO 106 IS 6 A1 Annie Swanepoel YR 2021 UL http://ep.bmj.com/content/106/6/322.abstract AB Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is fraught with controversy. Some clinicians believe it is a biological neurodevelopmental disorder which should be treated with medication. Others are adamant that ADHD is a social construct in which children, who have suffered developmental trauma, are medicalised. Evolutionary science may help us find a solution to this dichotomy by seeing ADHD as an example of an evolutionary mismatch in which children with ADHD are caught in a school environment that does not suit their natures. By considering how to improve the ‘goodness of fit’ between the child and their environment, clinicians can be more flexible in finding solutions that are ethically sound.