PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Annie Swanepoel TI - Fifteen-minute consultation: To prescribe or not to prescribe in ADHD, that is the question AID - 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318866 DP - 2021 Dec 01 TA - Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition PG - 322--325 VI - 106 IP - 6 4099 - http://ep.bmj.com/content/106/6/322.short 4100 - http://ep.bmj.com/content/106/6/322.full SO - Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed2021 Dec 01; 106 AB - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is fraught with controversy. Some clinicians believe it is a biological neurodevelopmental disorder which should be treated with medication. Others are adamant that ADHD is a social construct in which children, who have suffered developmental trauma, are medicalised. Evolutionary science may help us find a solution to this dichotomy by seeing ADHD as an example of an evolutionary mismatch in which children with ADHD are caught in a school environment that does not suit their natures. By considering how to improve the ‘goodness of fit’ between the child and their environment, clinicians can be more flexible in finding solutions that are ethically sound.