Between two and six of every thousand babies born alive have a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and overall just under 90% survive to young adult life. Other cardiac malformations such as infundibular pulmonary stenosis, persistent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of the aorta may be associated with VSD but there has been no large prospective series of patients studied with modern ultrasound technology including Doppler colour flow mapping. Now such a series has been reported from Stirling, Scotland (

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The study included 1448 patients with congenital …