Universally recommended |
Multivitamin with minerals (including trace minerals) |
▸ Thiamine, folate, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin D and trace mineral intake likely to be insufficient.13 ▸ Omega-3 may be low if dietary fat content primarily from animal sources, eg, butter, cream.13
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Calcium with vitamin D |
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Extra supplementation (suggested by some group members): |
Oral citrates |
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Laxatives |
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Additional selenium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin D |
▸ Sudden death, prolonged QT intervals and dilated cardiomyopathy reported with selenium deficiency, but most supplements contain adequate selenium.10 ▸ Phosphorus not included in most multivitamin supplements, but might improve bone mineralisation and is an acid buffer.13
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Carnitine |
▸ Carnitine deficiency rare, but more common in patients taking valproate.10 ▸ Anecdotally, energy levels/seizure control improved with carnitine supplementation.13 ▸ Carnitine deficiency associated with serious cardiac and hepatic disease; consider when unexplained fatigue or muscle weakness.10 ▸ Carnitine needed for long-chain triglyceride breakdown so not necessary for children on MCT diets.10 ▸ IKDSG states carnitine supplementation controversial and does not recommend empiric use.5
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MCT oil or coconut oil (source of MCT) |
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Sodium and potassium |
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