Tics | Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
---|---|
Sudden, short (jerking) | Ritualised |
Fragmented movements | Goal-directed behaviour (to reduce distress and/or prevent a feared event) |
Sensorimotor urges | Thoughts/imaginations (obsessions) |
Involuntary (clustered sequence) | Voluntary (cyclic) |
Onset in primary school (one peak) | Onset pre-primary and post-primary school (two peaks). See figure 1 |
Waxing and waning (from seconds to months) | Little changes over time |
Can occur in sleep | Never during sleep |
Comorbid with ADHD, OCD, depression | Comorbid with anxiety disorders, eating disorders, TS, depression |
ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; TS, Tourette syndrome.