Footnotes

• Contributors AP performed the literature search and wrote the article. JK edited the manuscript, rewrote some sections, and provided the ECGs.

• Competing interests None.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

• ↵i The San Francisco Syncope Rule identifies patients who are at immediate risk for serious outcomes within 7 days, with a 96% sensitivity based on the presence of abnormal ECG findings, a history of congestive heart failure, dyspnoea, a haematocrit level of less than 30, and hypotension.