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Monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines and the eradication of poliomyelitis
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In 1988 the World Health Assembly resolved to rid the world of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. It hasn’t happened, of course, but a lot has been achieved. The number of cases of poliomyelitis has fallen worldwide to less than 99% of the 1988 total, and endemic poliomyelitis (types 1 and 3 viruses) now occurs in only northern Nigeria, northern India, and at the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. Type 2 poliomyelitis disappeared in 1999. Monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines were in use 40 years ago but the trivalent oral vaccine took over in 1963. It is now realised, however, that monovalent vaccines are more effective. Two studies (Nasr El-Sayed and colleagues. New England Journal of Medicine 2008;359:1655–65; Helen E Jenkins and colleagues. lbid:166–74; see also editorial, lbid:1726–7) have shown their potential importance.
In Egypt, 421 infants were randomised to receive a single dose of either oral monovalent type 1 poliovirus vaccine
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