ILLUMINATIONS
Renal revision: from lobulation to duplication—what is normal?
Correspondence to:
For correspondence:
Dr H Williams
Radiology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; helen.williams@bch.nhs.uk
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Renal ultrasound is one of the most frequently requested imaging studies in children. Indications include urinary tract infection (UTI), renal dysfunction and to exclude structural abnormalities—for example, in association with other congenital malformations or syndromes. Normal kidneys can have a range of appearances, dependent on the patient’s age and the presence of certain anatomical variants which may or may not be clinically important. With the increasing use of PACS (picture archiving and communication system) for storage and viewing of radiological investigations, clinicians are able to access images and view them in clinical areas. Anatomical variants are often described in ultrasound reports and can cause confusion or anxiety if their clinical significance is not explained, especially when the results have to be conveyed to parents. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the age-related variation of normal renal ultrasound appearances, variations of renal anatomy and some congenital anomalies of the
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